Today’s most common oral health issues and how to prevent them

11 May

The most common oral health issues affecting both children and adults in the UK in 2025 are:

1. Tooth Decay (Dental Caries)

Tooth decay remains the most widespread oral disease, particularly among children. It is the leading cause of hospital admissions for 5–9 year olds, with significant regional and social inequalities—children in deprived areas are more than twice as likely to suffer from decay compared to their peers in less deprived areas. Tooth decay can cause pain, sleepless nights, and difficulty eating, and is largely preventable through good oral hygiene and reduced sugar intake.

2. Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)

Gum disease is extremely common in adults and can range from mild gum inflammation (gingivitis) to more severe conditions that can lead to tooth loss. The main cause is plaque build-up, and risk factors include poor oral hygiene and smoking. Gum disease can affect self-esteem, cause discomfort, and, if left untreated, result in tooth loss.

3. Dental Plaque and Poor Oral Hygiene

Substantial plaque build-up is a frequent issue, especially among children and teenagers. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth and gums, leading to both tooth decay and gum disease if not removed by regular brushing and flossing. Surveys show that in some areas, up to 17% of 5-year-olds and 18% of 12-year-olds have significant plaque accumulation.

How Can You Take Care of Your Teeth?

To prevent these common oral health issues, dental experts recommend:

Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste for at least two minutes, making sure to clean all surfaces of your teeth.
Clean between your teeth every day using floss or interdental brushes to remove plaque from places your toothbrush can’t reach.
Limit sugary foods and drinks, especially between meals and before bed, to reduce the risk of tooth decay.
Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleaning, even if you have no symptoms.
Don’t smoke, as it significantly increases your risk of gum disease and other oral health problems.
Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods to support healthy teeth and gums.
Encourage good habits in children by supervising brushing and promoting regular dental visits from an early age.

By following these steps, you can protect your teeth and gums and reduce your risk of the most common oral health issues in the UK.